Pseudocode

Advance Prep

1. Identify the goals and objectives of your computer programming lesson.
2. Create a problem statement for students to address using pseudocode. Give them a clear task and instructions for the program they will design (e.g., FizzBuzz Challenge).
3. Create a model(s) of pseudocode to demonstrate how students can represent algorithms using simple language. Although there are no formal rules for writing pseudocode, it is still helpful to include some common features for students to communicate meaning and flow that will eventually be converted to a formal programming language. There are some standard conventions that programmers follow when writing pseudocode. Consider providing students with pseudocode reference sheets, such as those from the College Board.
4. Plan to walk through how to write pseudocode using keywords and programming logic and structure. Discuss the following concepts:
   1. program – a set of instructions that perform a specific task when executed
   2. statements: instructions for the computer program, one statement written per line
   3. mathematical operations – math symbols used to manipulate values
   4. conditionals: add logic to your code using IF or IF/ELSE or ELSE statements
   5. iteration: repeating set of instructions to generate a sequence of outcomes or loops (e.g. FOR loops and WHILE loops)
   6. functions: reusable code
   7. exceptions: code for catching and reacting to errors
   8. program wrapping – wrapping several functions into one program to improve readability

Include keywords that refer to common coding concepts, such as:

• START/BEGIN
• INPUT
• READ/GET –
• PRINT/DISPLAY/SHOW
• CALCULATE/COMPUTE/DETERMINE
• SET, INIT
• INCREMENT/BUMP
• DECREMENT
• PROGRAM
• END

Follow these conventions:

• Capitalize initial commands or keywords.
• Write one statement per line.
• Use indentation to show hierarchy.
• Use specific, simple English in each statement

Implementation

1. Introduce the concept of pseudocode to students. Model simple examples of pseudocode developed to address different problem statements.
2. Review programming concepts, keywords, and pseudocode conventions as you model the examples. Post/provide concepts, keywords, conventions, and examples for students to reference as they write their pseudocode.
3. Give students a problem statement for designing their program using pseudocode.
4. Have students partner or work in small groups to review each other’s pseudocode to evaluate logic and flow.
5. Have students share and discuss their pseudocode with the whole group to check for understanding and address misconceptions.
6. Provide additional opportunities and problem statements for students to practice programming logic and flow using pseudocode.
7. When your students are ready, show them how to convert the pseudocode to a formal programming language such as Python, JavaScript, or C++.